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Depending on its formation, these systems can exist in one of two primary forms: pools or caves. The primary differentiating characteristics between pools and caves is the availability of light; cave systems are generally aphotic while pools are euphotic. The difference in light availability has a large influence on the biology of a given system.
The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).
A cavern is another name for a cave or a large room within a cave. Cavern or The Cavern may also refer to: The Cavern Club or The Cavern, a rock-and-roll club in Liverpool, England; The Cavern, a 2005 horror film; The Cavern, directed by Edgar G. Ulmer; Caverns, a 1989 novel written collaboratively as an experiment by Ken Kesey
The Midas Monument, a Phrygian rock-cut tomb dedicated to Midas (700 BCE).. Ancient monuments of rock-cut architecture are widespread in several regions of world. A small number of Neolithic tombs in Europe, such as the c. 3,000 B.C. Dwarfie Stane on the Orkney island of Hoy, were cut directly from the rock, rather than constructed from stone blocks.
Ama-no-Iwato (天の岩戸, literally "heaven's rock cave") is a cave in Japanese mythology. According to the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki, the bad behavior of Susano'o, the Japanese god of storms, drove his sister Amaterasu into the Ama-no-Iwato cave. The land was thus deprived of light. [1]
A contronym is a word with two opposite meanings. For example, the word original can mean "authentic, traditional", or "novel, never done before". This feature is also called enantiosemy, [1] [2] enantionymy (enantio-means "opposite"), antilogy or autoantonymy. An enantiosemic term is by definition polysemic.
The challenges involved in caving vary according to the cave being visited; in addition to the total absence of light beyond the entrance, negotiating pitches, squeezes, [2] and water hazards can be difficult. [3] Cave diving is a distinct, and more hazardous, sub-speciality undertaken by a small minority of technically proficient cavers. [4]
An alternative definition is that the penumbra is the region where some or all of the light source is obscured (i.e., the umbra is a subset of the penumbra). For example, NASA 's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility defines that a body in the umbra is also within the penumbra.