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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. There is 1 pending revision awaiting review. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion ...
During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144.
Muhammad's policy in the next two years after the battle of Uhud was to prevent as best he could the formation of alliances against him. Whenever alliances of tribesmen against Medina were formed, he sent out an expedition to break it up. [45] When Muhammad heard of men massing with hostile intentions against Medina, he reacted with severity. [46]
Battle of Karbala, an oil painting by Abbas Al-Musavi The Skies Fell, an oil painting by Hassan Rouholamin that portrays the final hours of Husayn's life. Abu Bakr adopted the title of khalifat rasul Allah, commonly translated as the successor to the messenger of God. [62] This was shortened to khalifa, from which the word caliph arose. [63]
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
As the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Ali ibn Abi Talib was likely the first male to profess Islam. [1] He significantly contributed to Muhammad's cause inside and outside the battlefield. [2] [3] After his death in 632 CE, Muhammad was succeeded by Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), and Uthman (r.
A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
The Saqifa (Arabic: سَقِيفَة, romanized: Saqīfah) of the Banu Sa'ida clan refers to the location of an event in early Islam where some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph and successor to Muhammad shortly after his death in 11 AH (632 CE).