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Jalfrezi (/ dʒ æ l ˈ f r eɪ z i /; Bengali: ঝালফ্রেজী; also jhal frezi, jaffrazi, and many other alternative spellings) is a stir-fried curry dish originating in Bengal and popular throughout South Asia. [2] Jalfrezi means "hot-fry". [3]
Madras curry gets its name from the city of Madras (now Chennai) at the time of the British Raj; the name is not used in Indian cuisine. The name and the dish were invented in Anglo-Indian cuisine for a simplified spicy sauce made using curry powder, tomatoes, and onions. [1] The name denotes a generalised hot curry. [2]
One of those words is the Middle Tamil kaṟi (கறி) meaning 'black' or 'burnt' and hence spiced food. [1] [2] The Oxford Dictionaries suggest an origin specifically from Tamil. [3] Other Dravidian languages, namely Malayalam (കറി kari, "hot condiments; meats, vegetables" [4]), Middle Kannada and Kodava, have similar words. [5]
It is one of the hottest forms of curry regularly available, even hotter than the vindaloo, using many ground standard chilli peppers, or a hotter type of chilli such as scotch bonnet, habanero, or Carolina Reaper. Typically, the dish is a tomato-based thick curry and includes ginger and optionally fennel seeds. [2]
Madras curry – "the standard hot, slightly sour curry at the Indian restaurant." [32] Pasanda – a mild curry sauce made with cream, coconut milk, and almonds or cashews, served with lamb, chicken, or king prawns. [33] Pathia – a hot curry, generally similar to a "Madras" with the addition of lemon juice and tomato purée. [34]
Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit-derived vocabulary, which it gained through Prakrit. [1] As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. [2]
Standard Hindi (also High Hindi, Manak Hindi) is the language of the government and is one of the official languages of India, Standard Urdu is the state language and national language of Pakistan, Dakhini is the historical literary dialect of the Deccan region, and Rekhta the "mixed" Hindustani of medieval poetry. [12]
Butler English, also known as Bearer English or Kitchen English, is a dialect of English that first developed as an occupational dialect in the years of the Madras Presidency, [11] but that has developed over time and is now associated mainly with social class rather than occupation. It is still spoken in major metropolitan cities.