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Photoplethysmography of the thumb by off-axis digital holography. pulsatile waves on the back of a frog measured by off-axis holographic photoplethysmography Remote photoplethysmography can also be performed by digital holography , which is sensitive to the phase of light waves, and hence can reveal sub-micron out-of-plane motion.
The PPGV was found to be useful in detecting blood loss by observing the spectral features of the PPGV. [3] [4] [5] LF power, together with other features derived from the PPG waveform, was used to classify patients into different ranges of systemic vascular resistance, which may be used as an indicator of critical illness. [6]
The overall reflection of a layer structure is the sum of an infinite number of reflections. The transfer-matrix method is based on the fact that, according to Maxwell's equations , there are simple continuity conditions for the electric field across boundaries from one medium to the next.
A man undergoing whole body plethysmography. A modern body plethysmograph using ultrasound. A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood or air it contains).
Diagram showing vectors used to define the BRDF. All vectors are unit length. points toward the light source. points toward the viewer (camera). is the surface normal.. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), symbol (,), is a function of four real variables that defines how light from a source is reflected off an opaque surface. It is employed in the optics of real-world ...
Clitoral photoplethysmography uses light to measure clitoral blood volume (CBV). A clitoral photoplethysmograph is a small clear acrylic device that contains a light source, and a light detector. The light source illuminates the capillary bed of the clitoral tissue and the blood circulating within it. As clitoral engorgement increases, more ...
An analysis on the bias due to the specular reflectivity of 22 commonly occurring surface materials (both human-made and natural) provided effective albedo values for simulating the performance of seven photovoltaic materials mounted on three common photovoltaic system topologies: industrial (solar farms), commercial flat rooftops and ...
The decadic absorbance of a scattering sample is defined as −log 10 (R+T) or −log 10 (1−A). For a non scattering sample, R = 0, and the expression becomes −log 10 T or log( 1 / T ), which is more familiar. In a non-scattering sample, the absorbance has the property that the numerical value is proportional to sample thickness.