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PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder of uncertain cause. [66] [67] There is some evidence that it is a genetic disease. Such evidence includes the familial clustering of cases, greater concordance in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins and heritability of endocrine and metabolic features of PCOS.
Cancer is caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4]
The mechanism of PCOS is unknown, but is multifactorial. It has been observed that certain genes related to steroid and androgenic hormone production may contribute to development of the disease in individuals, environmental factors such as insulin resistance and obesity, and passing down of genetics from first degree relatives. [37]
Ovarian diseases refer to diseases or disorders of the ovary. [1] These can be classified as endocrine disorders or as a disorders of the reproductive system. If the egg fails to release from the follicle in the ovary an ovarian cyst may form. Small ovarian cysts are common in healthy women.
In medicine, genetic susceptibility to a disease refers to a genetic predisposition to a health problem, [1] which may eventually be triggered by particular environmental or lifestyle factors, such as tobacco smoking or diet. Genetic testing is able to identify individuals who are genetically predisposed to certain diseases.
As ovarian cancer is rarely symptomatic until an advanced stage, [42] regular pre-emptive screening is a particularly important tool for avoiding the late stage at which most patients present. However, A 2011 US study found that transvaginal ultrasound and cancer marker CA125 screening did not reduce ovarian cancer mortality. [ 43 ]
Although this piece references "genetic causes" as an established scientific fact, nothing could be further from the truth, and of the two sources referenced, one is a 2002 paper which talks about a couple of gene loci, but not a genetic cause, and the other reference simply talks about genetic screening technologies but does not say that PCOS ...
About 10% of cases are related to inherited genetic risk; women with mutations in the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 have about a 50% chance of developing the disease. [5] Some family cancer syndromes such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome also increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. [16]