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The Dataframe API was released as an abstraction on top of the RDD, followed by the Dataset API. In Spark 1.x, the RDD was the primary application programming interface (API), but as of Spark 2.x use of the Dataset API is encouraged [3] even though the RDD API is not deprecated. [4] [5] The RDD technology still underlies the Dataset API. [6] [7]
Responsibility-driven design is a design technique in object-oriented programming, which improves encapsulation by using the client–server model.It focuses on the contract by considering the actions that the object is responsible for and the information that the object shares.
In statistics, econometrics, political science, epidemiology, and related disciplines, a regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design that aims to determine the causal effects of interventions by assigning a cutoff or threshold above or below which an intervention is assigned.
Dataframe may refer to: A tabular data structure common to many data processing libraries: pandas (software) § DataFrames; The Dataframe API in Apache Spark;
Data binning, also called data discrete binning or data bucketing, is a data pre-processing technique used to reduce the effects of minor observation errors.The original data values which fall into a given small interval, a bin, are replaced by a value representative of that interval, often a central value (mean or median).
Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
The desire to reduce the potential interactions between software components and hence manage large complex systems was a key driver of object-oriented technology. For the frame language camp this requirement was less critical than the desire to provide a vast array of possible tools to represent rules, constraints, and programming logic.
Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between e.g. temporally adjacent frames (inter-frame coding) or spatially adjacent pixels (intra-frame coding). Inter-frame compression (a temporal delta encoding ) (re)uses data from one or more earlier or later frames in a sequence to describe the current frame.