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A sound attenuator, or duct silencer, sound trap, or muffler, is a noise control acoustical treatment of Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) ductwork designed to reduce transmission of noise through the ductwork, either from equipment into occupied spaces in a building, or between occupied spaces.
Transmission loss (TL) in duct acoustics describes the acoustic performances of a muffler-like system.It is frequently used in the industry areas such as muffler manufacturers and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) department of automobile manufacturers, and in academic studies.
Exhaust system of the Opel Corsa B 1.2 petrol Exhaust manifold (chrome plated) on a car engine. An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system ...
Silencer (silver) and exhaust pipe on a Ducati motorcycle A silencer cut open to show the insulation, chambers and piping inside the shell. A muffler (North American and Australian English) [1] or silencer (British English) is a device for reducing the noise emitted by the exhaust of an internal combustion engine—especially a noise-deadening device forming part of the exhaust system of an ...
It applies maximum sound levels to various categories of moving vehicles and for several vehicle speeds. It is the backbone of vehicle sound emission regulations. It generally requires a measurement of A-weighted sound level of a moving vehicle at a specific distance from the vehicle path (normally 50 feet).
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), also known as noise and vibration (N&V), is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks. While noise and vibration can be readily measured, harshness is a subjective quality, and is measured either via jury evaluations, or with analytical ...
For all new or replacement train horns on trains capable of travelling up to 100 mph (160 km/h) a much lower minimum sound pressure level has been established – and a maximum sound level has been introduced (min 101 dB and max 106 dB). British train horns have two tones, high or low, and in some cases, a loud or soft setting.
B-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB B or L B, and C-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB C or L C. Unweighted sound pressure level is called "linear sound pressure level" and is often written as dB L or just L. Some sound measuring instruments use the letter "Z" as an indication of linear SPL. [13]