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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Crusades include the traditional numbered crusades and other conflicts that prominent historians have identified as crusades. The scope of the term "crusade" first referred to military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
6 June. The Crusades capture the Egyptian city after the successful Siege of Damietta. [260] 22 November. Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub dies and is succeeded by his son Turanshah. [261] Approximate. The Tavastians are defeated in the Second Swedish Crusade. [262] 1250. Louis IX being taken prisoner at the Battle of Fariskur, in an 1850 painting ...
The history of the Crusades begins with the advent of Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land combined with the rise of Islam and its subsequent conquest of Jerusalem. [2] 326. Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, travels to the Holy Land. [3] She returns with Holy relics and begins a tradition of Christian pilgrimage. [4] After 334.
The Crusades: A Chronology, covering 1096–1444, in The Crusades—An Encyclopedia, edited by Alan V. Murray. [6] Important Dates and Events, 1049–1571, in the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III, edited by Kenneth M. Setton (1975). [7] Timeline of Major Events of the Crusades. The Sultan and the Saint. [8]
This chronology presents the timeline of the Northern Crusades beginning with the 10th century establishment of Christian churches in northern Europe. These were primarily Christianization campaigns undertaken by the Christian kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden together with the Teutonic Knights, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and ...
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
"The Crusades: A History of One of the Most Epic Military Campaigns of All Time", Jonathan Howard, 2011; God's War: A New History of the Crusades, Christopher Tyerman "Mongols and Mamluks", Reuven Amitai-Preiss, 2005; Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades: Volume 3, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge University ...