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Next to HDF, another hierarchical data format, netCDF, is extensively used in Earth observation. The netCDF format is maintained by Unidata. [19] To facilitate the validation of space borne measurements by correlative data from heterogeneous sources, the use of a common file format becomes a necessity.
The classic format was used in the first netCDF release, and is still the default format for file creation. The 64-bit offset format was introduced in version 3.6.0, and it supports larger variable and file sizes. The netCDF-4/HDF5 format was introduced in version 4.0; it is the HDF5 data format, with some restrictions.
National Transfer Format (NTF) – National Transfer Format (mostly used by the UK Ordnance Survey) Shapefile – open, hybrid vector data format using SHP, SHX and DBF files (by ESRI) Spatial Data File – high-performance geodatabase format, native to MapGuide (by Autodesk) TIGER – Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
Natural Area Code, also called Universal Address, is a geocode generated by the Natural Area Coding System - a public domain geocode system for identifying an area (also a location when the area is relatively small enough) anywhere on the Earth, or a volume of space anywhere around and inside the Earth.
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004.
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This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.