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The Twelve Caesars served as a model for the biographies of 2nd- and early 3rd-century emperors compiled by Marius Maximus. This collection, apparently entitled Caesares , does not survive, but it was a source for a later biographical collection, known as Historia Augusta , which now forms a kind of sequel to Suetonius' work.
The Twelve Caesars Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus ( Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs] ), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( / s w ɪ ˈ t oʊ n i ə s / swih- TOH -nee-əs ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), [ 2 ] was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire .
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
Church father Tertullian wrote: "We read the lives of the Cæsars: At Rome Nero was the first who stained with blood the rising faith" [17] Mary Ellen Snodgrass notes that Tertullian in this passage "used Suetonius as a source by quoting Lives of the Caesars as proof that Nero was the first Roman emperor to murder Christians", but cites not a specific passage in Suetonius's Lives as Tertullian ...
Occasionally the epithet divi filius or divi Iuli(i) filius 'son of the divine Julius' was included, alluding to Julius Caesar's deification in 42 BC. [12] Imperator Caesar Augustus On 16 January 27 BC, partly on his own insistence, the Roman Senate granted him the honorific Augustus (Latin: [au̯ˈɡʊstʊs]) .
161–180); accordingly, in 195 or 196 Caracalla was given the imperial rank of Caesar, adopting the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar, and was named imperator destinatus (or designatus) in 197, possibly on his birthday, 4 April, and certainly before 7 May. [12] He thus technically became a part of the well-remembered Antonine dynasty. [13]
The Eleven Caesars was a series of eleven painted half-length portraits of Roman emperors made by Titian in 1536–1540 for Federico II, Duke of Mantua. They were among his best-known works, inspired by the Lives of the Caesars by Suetonius. Titian's paintings were originally housed in a new room inside the Palazzo Ducale di Mantova.
Caesar ordered the Gauls to surrender their weapons and deliver their chieftains. The chieftains were brought before him and Vercingetorix was surrendered. [ 12 ] [ 27 ] Captives were given to the Roman soldiers as part of the spoils of war apart from the Aedui and Arverni, whom he hoped to win over.