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Wave pounding is the 'sledge hammer' effect of tonnes of water crashing against cliffs. It shakes and weakens the rocks leaving them open to attack from hydraulic action and abrasion. Eroded material gets carried away by the wave. Wave pounding is particularly fierce in a storm, where the waves are exceptionally large, and have a lot of energy ...
If a cave wears through a headland, an arch forms. Further erosion causes the arch to collapse, leaving the pillar of hard rock standing away from the coast, the stack. Eventually, erosion will cause the stack to collapse, leaving a stump. This stump usually forms a small rock island, low enough for a high tide to submerge.
The best-known example in Germany is the Lange Anna on Heligoland, while, in England, a prominent example are Old Harry Rocks in Dorset. Ocean waves crashing against sea cliffs at Cape Pillar, Tasmania in Australia. Furthermore, on a rocky cliffed coast wave action is not the only driving force for coastline retreat.
Waves crashing at New Brighton beach, Wirral, amid Storm Jocelyn (Peter Byrne/PA) A spectator gets a close look at a huge wave in Whitley Bay (Owen Humphreys/PA)
Gale force winds battered Portland Bill in Dorset on England’s south coast today (November 2). Video shows huge waves crashing against rocks. “Gusts reached 70 miles per hour,” the filmer said.
A plunging wave breaks with more energy than a significantly larger spilling wave. The wave can trap and compress the air under the lip, which creates the "crashing" sound associated with waves. With large waves, this crash can be felt by beachgoers on land. Offshore wind conditions can make plungers more likely.
Waves crash against the sea front in Southsea as Storm Barra hit the UK (Andrew Matthews/PA) Sea water floods the shoreline outside the Royal Oak pub after high tide in Langstone, Hampshire ...
And to the north, waves breached the rocks surrounding the parking lot at Morro Rock, a huge surge topped the wall in Cayucos and ran down the street and elephant seals battled waves while giving ...