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For example, CYP11A1, an enzyme chiefly known for its role in steroidogenesis, has been found to hydroxylate vitamin D3 at several positions, including C-20, C-22, and C-23, without cleaving the side chain. The resulting metabolites, such as 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3, act as inverse agonists for RORα and RORγ2.
In that study, the compliance calculation could be questionable since only random samples of the returned medications were counted. In a study by De Niet et al., [72] 60 subjects with vitamin D deficiency were randomized to receive 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily or 50 000 IU monthly. They reported a similar efficacy of the two dosing frequencies ...
Vitamin D (the inactive version) is mainly from two forms: vitamin D 3 and vitamin D 2.Vitamin D 3, or cholecalciferol, is formed in the skin after exposure to sunlight or ultra violet radiation or from D 3 supplements or fortified food sources.
Doses greater than 40 000 IU (1000 μg) per day are generally required before high blood calcium occurs. [12] Normal doses, 800–2000 IU per day, are safe in pregnancy. [5] Cholecalciferol was first described in 1936. [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14]
Nicotinic acid, [a] or niacin, [b] is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B 3, an essential human nutrient. [4] [5] It is produced by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. [6] Nicotinic acid is also a prescription medication. [7]
These modified vitamin D analogues have a side chain or other modifications. They aim to reduce the classical renal and intestinal effects of calcitriol on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, from its effects on other biologic processes. [5]
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D 2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement [3] to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency [4] due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
Calcium/cholecalciferol is a combination of a calcium salt and vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol). It is used to prevent and treat lack of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly, as well for osteoporosis in combination with other medications.