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An equivalent circuit of an operational amplifier that models some resistive non-ideal parameters. An ideal op amp is usually considered to have the following characteristics: [5] [6] [7] Infinite open-loop gain G = v out / v in; Infinite input impedance R in, and so zero input current; Zero input offset voltage; Infinite output voltage range
Fig. 1: an equivalent circuit of an operational amplifier that models some non-ideal parameters using resistances. A real operational amplifier has a finite input impedance , a non-zero output impedance , and a finite gain .
The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an amplifier that outputs a current proportional to its input voltage. Thus, it is a voltage controlled current source . Three types of OTAs are single-input single-output, differential-input single-output, and differential-input differential-output (a.k.a. fully differential), [ 1 ] however ...
The operational amplifier integrator is an electronic integration circuit. Based on the operational amplifier (op-amp), it performs the mathematical operation of integration with respect to time; that is, its output voltage is proportional to the input voltage integrated over time.
The current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA or CFA) is a type of electronic amplifier whose inverting input is sensitive to current, rather than to voltage as in a conventional voltage-feedback operational amplifier (VFA). The CFA was invented by David Nelson at Comlinear Corporation, and first sold in 1982 as a hybrid amplifier, the CLC103.
Log amplifier circuits designed with operational amplifiers (opamps) use the exponential current–voltage relationship of a p–n junction (either from a diode or bipolar junction transistor) as negative feedback to compute the logarithm. Multistage log amplifiers instead cascade multiple simple amplifiers to approximate the logarithm's curve.