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The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer.Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. [1]
Crystal of potassium alum, KAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O. An alum (/ ˈ æ l ə m /) is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula X Al(SO 4) 2 ·12 H 2 O, such that X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium. [1] By itself, "alum" often refers to potassium alum, with the ...
Ammonium aluminium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, formula (NH 4)Al(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications.
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name " alum " is more commonly and properly used for any double sulfate salt with the generic formula X Al(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O , where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium .
Alunite is a hydroxylated aluminium potassium sulfate mineral, formula K Al 3 (S O 4) 2 (OH) 6.It was first observed in the 15th century at Tolfa, near Rome, where it was mined for the manufacture of alum.
Subsequently, a process of spraying molten aluminium to create a powder of droplets was developed by E. J. Hall in the 1920s. The resulting powder might then be processed further in a ball mill to flatten it into flakes for use as a coating or pigment. [1] Aluminium powder features low density with high conductivity. [2]