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[86] [111] For example, about 20% of women experienced menstrual irregularities with 50 to 100 mg/day spironolactone, whereas about 70% experienced menstrual irregularities at 200 mg/day. [63] Most women taking moderate doses of spironolactone develop amenorrhea, and normal menstruation usually returns within two months of discontinuation. [111]
Animal studies have found that spironolactone inhibits testicular CYP450-mediated steroidogenesis by 5 to 75% across a dosage range of 1 to 100 mg/kg, with 50% inhibition occurring at a dose of 40 mg/kg. [30]
Pharmacokinetics of 100 mg/day spironolactone and its metabolites Compound C max Tooltip Peak concentrations (day 1) C max Tooltip Peak concentrations (day 15) AUC Tooltip Area-under-the-curve concentrations (day 15) t 1/2 Tooltip Elimination half-life; Spironolactone: 72 ng/mL (173 nmol/L) 80 ng/mL (192 nmol/L) 231 ng•hour/mL (555 nmol ...
[12] [13] Due to its activity as an androgen receptor antagonist and progesterone receptor agonist, spironolactone causes adverse effects, including gynecomastia or decreased libido in males and menstrual abnormalities in females. [14] Spironolactone also causes hyperkalemia [15] and renal insufficiency. [16]
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Canrenone is an active metabolite of spironolactone, canrenoic acid, and potassium canrenoate, and is considered to be partially responsible for their effects. [9] It has been found to have approximately 10 to 25% of the potassium-sparing diuretic effect of spironolactone, [ 16 ] whereas another metabolite, 7α-thiomethylspironolactone (7α-TMS ...
The trial was stopped early because the beneficial effect of spironolactone on all-cause death exceeded the prespecified discontinuation requirements. Spironolactone reduced the risk of death by 30% compared to placebo. Additionally, there was a 35% reduction in the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in the spironolactone group.
Weight gain of more than 2 pounds is associated with admission to the hospital for heart failure. [ 6 ] Sodium restriction – excessive sodium intake may precipitate or exacerbate heart failure, thus a "no added salt" diet (60–100 mmol total daily intake) is recommended for patients with CHF.