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A space vehicle's flight is determined by application of Newton's second law of motion: =, where F is the vector sum of all forces exerted on the vehicle, m is its current mass, and a is the acceleration vector, the instantaneous rate of change of velocity (v), which in turn is the instantaneous rate of change of displacement.
Most spacecraft have some variety of rocket engine, and thus most research efforts focus on some variety of rocket propulsion, such as chemical, nuclear or electric. Spacecraft design – a specialized form of systems engineering that centers on combining all the necessary subsystems for a particular launch vehicle or satellite .
For rocket-like propulsion systems, this is a function of mass fraction and exhaust velocity; mass fraction for rocket-like systems is usually limited by propulsion system weight and tankage weight. [ citation needed ] For a system to achieve this limit, the payload may need to be a negligible percentage of the vehicle, and so the practical ...
and are the masses of objects 1 and 2, and is the specific angular momentum of object 2 with respect to object 1. The parameter θ {\displaystyle \theta } is known as the true anomaly , p {\displaystyle p} is the semi-latus rectum , while e {\displaystyle e} is the orbital eccentricity , all obtainable from the various forms of the six ...
In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft. For spacecraft far from Earth, an orbital maneuver is called a deep-space maneuver (DSM). [1] When a spacecraft is not conducting a maneuver, especially in a transfer orbit, it is said to be coasting.
Principles of Guided Missile Design is a textbook and reference book written by E. Arthur Bonney, Maurice J. Zucrow, and Carl W. Besserer in 1956. The book is a glossary of rocket and space flight terms, an introduction to rocket design, parametric studies and student instruction. The book is written in English and was published by Van Nostrand ...
The RBCC, or rocket-based combined cycle propulsion system, was one of the two types of propulsion systems that may have been tested in the Boeing X-43 experimental aircraft. The RBCC, or strutjet as it is sometimes called, is a combination propulsion system that consists of a ramjet , scramjet , and ducted rocket , where all three systems use ...
Gas-generator rocket cycle. Some of the fuel and oxidizer is burned separately to power the pumps and then discarded. Most gas-generator engines use the fuel for nozzle cooling. The gas-generator cycle, also called open cycle, is one of the most commonly used power cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines.