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ushr - a 10% tax on the harvests of irrigated land and 10% tax on harvest from rain-watered land and 5% on Land dependent on well water. [2] The term has also been used for a 10% tax on merchandise imported from states that taxed the Muslims on their products. [6] Caliph `Umar ibn Al-Khattāb was the first Muslim ruler to levy ushr. [citation ...
Historically, the jizya tax has been understood in Islam as a fee for protection provided by the Muslim ruler to non-Muslims, for the exemption from military service for non-Muslims, for the permission to practice a non-Muslim faith with some communal autonomy in a Muslim state, and as material proof of the non-Muslims' allegiance to the Muslim ...
Over 70% of the Muslim population in most Muslim countries is impoverished and lives on less than US$2 per day. In over 10 Muslim-majority countries, over 50% of the population lived on less than $1.25 per day income, states Shirazi. [93] Zakat has so far failed to relieve large scale absolute poverty among Muslims in most Muslim countries. [93]
The states where zakat is compulsory differ in their definition of what assets (and sometimes income) are "zakatable"—eligible for contributing zakat. [43] A 1995 study by Fouad Abdullah al-Omar [44] found many differences. [43] Agricultural produce. All six countries charge zakat on agricultural produce, but in Malaysia only rice is subject ...
Muslim landowners, on the other hand, paid ushr, a religious tithe on land, which carried a lower rate of taxation, [2] and zakat. Ushr was a reciprocal 10% levy on agricultural land as well as merchandise imported from states that taxed Muslims on their products. Changes soon eroded the established tax base of the early Arab Caliphates.
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In Islam, the concept of Muhsi or Muhsin alms-giver or charitable giving is generally divided into voluntary giving, ṣadaqah (صدقة), and an obligatory practice, the zakāh (الزكاة). Zakāh is governed by a specific set of rules within Islamic jurisprudence and is intended to fulfill a well-defined set of theological and social ...
In Islamic terminology, sadaqah has been defined as an act of "giving something... without seeking a substitute in return and with the intention of pleasing Allah." [ 5 ] Meanwhile, according to Ar-Rageeb al-Asfahaani “Sadaqa is what the person gives from what he possesses, like Zakat , hoping to get closer to Allah."