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In the 1980s, many U.S. production engine remanufacturers began reaming valve guides, rather than replacing them, as part of their remanufacturing process. They found that by reaming all the valve guides in a head to one standard size (typically 0.008 in. diametrically oversized), and installing remanufactured engine valves having stems that are also oversized, a typical engine head can be ...
Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC) is an electro-hydraulic brake system developed by Daimler and Bosch. In this system, the wheel brake cylinders of a vehicle are operated through a servomechanism, offering precise and responsive braking. The SBC system was first introduced on the R230 SL-class, which was released in Europe in October 2001. [1]
A crossflow head gives better performance than a Reverse-flow cylinder head (though not as good as a uniflow), but the popular explanation put forward for this — that the gases do not have to change direction and hence are moved into and out of the cylinder more efficiently — is a simplification since there is no continuous flow because of valve opening and closing.
Valve seats are often formed by first press-fitting an approximately cylindrical piece of a hardened metal alloy, such as Stellite, into a cast depression in a cylinder head above each eventual valve stem position, [1] and then machining a conical-section surface into the valve seat that will mate with a corresponding conical section of the ...
In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages, Valvetrain components, and fuel injectors.
A system basis chip (SBC) is an integrated circuit that includes various functions of automotive electronic control units (ECU) on a single die. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It typically includes a mixture between digital standard functionality like communication bus interfaces and analog or power functionality, denoted as smart power.
A hemispherical head ("hemi-head") gives an efficient combustion chamber with minimal heat loss to the head, and allows for two large valves.However, a hemi-head usually allows no more than two valves per cylinder due to the difficulty in arranging the valve gear for four valves at diverging angles, and these large valves are necessarily heavier than those in a multi-valve engine of similar ...
In order to improve the optimisation of the valve timing for differing engine speeds and loads, the system is able to vary the timing and duration of the inlet valve opening. It achieves this by using a complex and finely machined mechanism to drive the inlet camshafts.