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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [10] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [10] It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. [10]
[1] [5] [10] It has also been used at a maintenance dose of 600 mg twice weekly for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis suppression. [1] [5] The drug is used to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV). [5] [19] [21] [10] [22] [23] It is specifically used following treatment with or in combination with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole for recurrent ...
In addition, bacterial vaginosis as either pre-existing, or acquired, may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, most notably premature birth or miscarriage. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Pregnant women with BV have a higher risk of chorioamnionitis , miscarriage, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes , and postpartum endometritis . [ 27 ]
Certain types of vaginitis may result in complications during pregnancy. [1] The three main causes are infections, specifically bacterial vaginosis, vaginal yeast infection, and trichomoniasis. [2] Other causes include allergies to substances such as spermicides or soaps or as a result of low estrogen levels during breast-feeding or after ...
[2] [1] The cure rates against BV with TOL-463 were said to be comparable to those with recently approved antibiotic treatments like single-dose oral secnidazole (58%) and single-dose metronidazole vaginal gel (41%). [1] As of July 2022, TOL-463 is in phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of BV and VVC. [3]
Infection is treated and cured with metronidazole [16] or tinidazole. The CDC recommends a one time dose of 2 grams of either metronidazole or tinidazole as the first-line treatment; the alternative treatment recommended is 500 milligrams of metronidazole, twice daily, for seven days if there is failure of the single-dose regimen. [17]
Medicines primarily delivered by intravaginal administration include vaginally administered estrogens and progestogens (a group of hormones including progesterone), and antibacterials and antifungals to treat bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections respectively.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection caused by a change in the vaginal flora, which refers to the community of organisms that live in the vagina. [20] It is the most common cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age and accounts for 40–50% of cases. [21]