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A graph showing variation of quantum efficiency with wavelength of a CCD chip from Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, formerly installed on the Hubble Space Telescope.. The term quantum efficiency (QE) may apply to incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio [1] of a photosensitive device, or it may refer to the TMR effect of a magnetic tunnel junction.
Quantum ESPRESSO (Quantum Open-Source Package for Research in Electronic Structure, Simulation, and Optimization; QE) [2] [3] is a suite for first-principles electronic-structure calculations and materials modeling, distributed for free and as free software under the GNU General Public License.
The source code is part of Scattnlay project. Online Mie solution calculator is available, with documentation in German and English. Online Mie scattering calculator produces beautiful graphs over a range of parameters. phpMie Online Mie scattering calculator written on PHP. Mie resonance mediated light diffusion and random lasing.
The explosion of the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb was the first device able to achieve fusion energy gain factor significantly larger than 1.. A fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state.
In optics, wall-plug efficiency or radiant efficiency is the energy conversion efficiency with which the system converts electrical power into optical power.It is defined as the ratio of the radiant flux (i.e., the total optical output power) to the input electrical power.
Thus, we can calculate the total energy of the system and express it in the following form: = + [()] + [()] By conservation of energy, the average kinetic energy must be equal to the average potential energy.
The path integral formulation is a description in quantum mechanics that generalizes the stationary action principle of classical mechanics.It replaces the classical notion of a single, unique classical trajectory for a system with a sum, or functional integral, over an infinity of quantum-mechanically possible trajectories to compute a quantum amplitude.
Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged particles in a bubble chamber.Positive and negative charge trajectories curve in opposite directions. In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.