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Sphalerite is a sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (Zn, Fe)S. [5] It is the most important ore of zinc.Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in sedimentary exhalative, Mississippi-Valley type, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.
Sphalerite, the more common polymorph of zinc sulfide Wurtzite, the less common polymorph of zinc sulfide. ZnS exists in two main crystalline forms. This dualism is an example of polymorphism. In each form, the coordination geometry at Zn and S is tetrahedral. The more stable cubic form is known also as zinc blende or sphalerite.
Zinc is mined in outcrops found in Virginia. Mostly in Augusta, Rockingham, and Shenandoah counties. The largest is the Bowers-Campbell Mine. [10] Within the breccia zone galena is extracted along with small amounts of sphalerite and pyrite. [8] The Beekmantown is quarried in many locations for aggregate and rock. [11]
It is also found in association with sphalerite in low-temperature lead-zinc deposits within limestone beds. Minor amounts are found in contact metamorphic zones, in pegmatites, and disseminated in sedimentary rock. [8] In some deposits, the galena contains up to 0.5% silver, a byproduct that far surpasses the main lead ore in revenue. [9]
Sphalerite ZnS; Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2; Pyrrhotite Fe 1–x S; Millerite NiS; Pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8; Covellite CuS; Cinnabar HgS; Realgar AsS; Orpiment As 2 S 3; Stibnite Sb 2 S 3; Pyrite FeS 2; Marcasite FeS 2; Molybdenite MoS 2; Sulfarsenides: Cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS; Arsenopyrite FeAsS; Gersdorffite NiAsS; Sulfosalts: Pyrargyrite Ag 3 SbS 3 ...
Sphalerite crystal on dolomite, Lengenbach The dolomite hosted deposit of the quarry is in the Binn Valley, a small valley in the southwest of Switzerland in the Swiss canton of Valais . To its south lies Italy .
The sphalerite ore found here was presumably converted to zinc oxide via roasting, although no archaeological evidence of this has been found. Smelting is thought to have been done in sealed cylindrical clay retorts which were packed with a mixture of roasted ore, dolomite , and an organic material, perhaps cow dung , and then placed vertically ...
Silica alteration zone, found in the most intensely altered examples, resulting in complete silica replacement of the host rocks, and associated with chalcopyrite-pyrite stringer zones. Chlorite zone, found in nearly all examples, consisting of chlorite ± sericite ± silica. Often the host rock is entirely replaced by chlorite, which may ...