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The first Filipino book written in English, The Child of Sorrow, was published in 1921. Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an emphasis on local color. [265] A later theme was the search for Filipino identity, reconciling Spanish and American influence with the Philippines' Asian heritage. [266]
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
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[64] [60] Historian Ambeth Ocampo has suggested that the first documented use of the word Filipino to refer to Indios was the Spanish-language poem A la juventud filipina, published in 1879 by José Rizal. [66] Writer and publisher Nick Joaquin has asserted that Luis Rodríguez Varela was the first to describe himself as Filipino in print. [67]
Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. [ dubious – discuss ] The main sanction against diverging from these values are the concepts of Tagalog : hiya , roughly translated as 'a sense of shame', and ' amor propio ' or 'self-esteem'. [ 4 ]
[3] Filipinos at home set up altars in the Hispanic tradition adorned with Catholic images, flowers, and candles. During fiestas, most communities organise church services and religious processions in honor of a patron saint, hold funfairs and concerts, and feast with a variety of Filipino foods.
Damath is a two-player educational board game combining the board game "Dama" (Filipino checkers) and math. It is used as a teaching tool for both elementary and high school mathematics. Every piece has a corresponding number and each even (white) square on board has a mathematical symbol.
A "Criollo" Filipina woman in the 1890s. The history of the Spanish Philippines covers the period from 1521 to 1898, beginning with the arrival in 1521 of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was an overseas province of Spain, and ends with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898.