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Myoclonic dystonia or Myoclonus dystonia syndrome is a rare movement disorder that induces spontaneous muscle contraction causing abnormal posture. The prevalence of myoclonus dystonia has not been reported, however, this disorder falls under the umbrella of movement disorders which affect thousands worldwide. [ 1 ]
Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles. [4] The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning (e.g., lead poisoning) or reaction to pharmaceutical drugs, particularly neuroleptics, [3] or stress.
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) is a group of diseases characterized by myoclonus, epileptic seizures, tonic–clonic seizures, and other serious symptoms such as trouble walking or speaking. These rare disorders often get worse over time and can be fatal.
Late-onset dyskinesia, also known as tardive dyskinesia, occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol) or amoxapine (Asendin). The symptoms include tremors and writhing movements of the body and limbs, and abnormal movements in the face, mouth, and tongue – including involuntary lip smacking, repetitive pouting of the lips, and tongue protrusions.
Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease. [2] ... Idiopathic orofacial dystonia: G24.4 ... Myoclonus: 333.2 G25 ...
Movement disorders including tremors, dystonia (spasms), myoclonus (jerky movements) Visual symptoms including loss of vision or double vision; Speech symptoms including dysphonia (whispering speech), slurred or stuttering speech; Sensory disturbance including hemisensory syndrome (altered sensation down one side of the body)
Juvenile-onset DRPLA presents with ataxia and symptoms consistent with progressive myoclonus epilepsy [16] (myoclonus, multiple seizure types and dementia). Other symptoms that have been described include cervical dystonia, [17] corneal endothelial degeneration [18] autism, and surgery-resistant obstructive sleep apnea. [19]
Palatal myoclonus is a rare condition in which there are rhythmic jerky movements or a rapid spasm of the palatal (roof of the mouth) muscles. Chronic clonus is often due to lesions of the central tegmental tract (which connects the red nucleus to the ipsilateral inferior olivary nucleus ).