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The end-of-tape, commonly abbreviated as EOT, was indicated by two tape marks. This was the standard used, for example, on IBM 360. The reflective strip that was used to announce impending physical end of tape was also called an EOT marker.
Exception swallowing can also happen if the exception is handled and rethrown as a different exception, discarding the original exception and all its context.
Common exceptions include an invalid argument (e.g. value is outside of the domain of a function), [5] an unavailable resource (like a missing file, [6] a network drive error, [7] or out-of-memory errors [8]), or that the routine has detected a normal condition that requires special handling, e.g., attention, end of file. [9]
C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.
Exceptions can be used to represent and handle abnormal, unpredictable, erroneous situations, but also as flow control structures to handle normal situations. For example, Python's iterators throw StopIteration exceptions to signal that there are no further items produced by the iterator. [1]
Other examples include interpreter directives: The Unix "shebang" – #! – used on the first line of a script to point to the interpreter to be used. "Magic comments" identifying the encoding a source file is using, [21] e.g. Python's PEP 263. [22] The script below for a Unix-like system shows both of these uses:
In some languages, notably those influenced by Modula-3 (including Python and Go), modules are objects, and scope resolution within modules is a special case of usual object member access, so the usual method operator . is used for scope resolution.
For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream data input. Unless redirected , standard input is inherited from the parent process.