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Petcoke is over 80% carbon and emits 5% to 10% more carbon dioxide (CO 2) than coal on a per-unit-of-energy basis when it is burned. As petcoke has a higher energy content, petcoke emits between 30% and 80% more CO 2 than coal per unit of weight. [ 3 ]
Coke is the non-volatile residue of the decomposition, the cemented-together carbon and mineral residue of the original coal particles in the form of a hard and somewhat glassy solid. [3] Additional byproducts of the coking are coal tar pitch, ammonia (NH 3), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), pyridine, hydrogen cyanide and carbon based material. [4]
The gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and some water vapor. With little or no smoke or similar volatile compounds, chimneys remain cleaner longer and require cleaning less frequently. The main combustion reaction is: C (s) + O 2 (g) → CO 2 (g) In a restricted supply of air or oxygen toxic carbon monoxide can be formed:
Multiple types of solid fuel gasifiers are commercially available for coal, petcoke, and biomass gasification.Designs vary depending on fuel and intended application. As a result, they can differ in the composition of the syngas produced and the efficiency with which they convert coal energy content to syngas energy content - a performance parameter typically termed cold gas efficiency. [3]
In industrial chemistry, coal gasification is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and water vapour (H 2 O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas".
"Coking is a refinery unit operation that upgrades material called bottoms from the atmospheric or vacuum distillation column into higher-value products and produces petroleum coke—a coal-like material". [1] In heterogeneous catalysis, the process is undesirable because the clinker blocks the catalytic sites. Coking is characteristic of high ...
Carbon dioxide reforming ... CO 2 can be dry reformed in to CO gas at 800-850 °C by reacting with petcoke, biochar, coal, etc. using low cost iron based catalysts.
Photomicrograph made with a scanning electron microscope and back-scatter detector: cross section of fly ash particles. Fly ash, flue ash, coal ash, or pulverised fuel ash (in the UK)—plurale tantum: coal combustion residuals (CCRs)—is a coal combustion product that is composed of the particulates that are driven out of coal-fired boilers together with the flue gases.