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Phenylephrine is a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor agonist with minimal to no β-adrenergic receptor agonist activity or induction of norepinephrine release. [5] [8] [15] It causes constriction of both arteries and veins. [12] Phenylephrine was patented in 1933 [16] and came into medical use in 1938. [17] It is available as a generic medication.
Conversely, hypertension or tachycardia can be treated with short-acting antihypertensive drugs such as nitroprusside or esmolol; longer acting drugs such as propranolol should be avoided as they may lead to hypotension and shock. [6] The cause of serotonin toxicity or accumulation is an important factor in determining the course of treatment.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
After an FDA advisory committee said the decongestant phenylephrine, an ingredient found in many oral cold and flu medications, is ineffective, experts weigh in on alternatives.
[13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant products. [2] However, oral phenylephrine appears to be ineffective as a decongestant. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 2022, the combination with brompheniramine and dextromethorphan was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more ...
Tachycardia describes an abnormally rapid heart rate. By stringing these words together, you can see that POTS is a description of symptoms that commonly occur together, otherwise known as a ...
In patients with this disease, a catecholamine-secreting tumor is formed, and causes excess CNS stimulation, such as excess sweating and tachycardia. Nonselective alpha blockers, such as phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine, can be used to mitigate this disease. Pheochromocytoma is a disease in which a catecholamine secreting tumor develops.
Oral phenylephrine is ineffective and “should almost never be used,” said Dr. Purvi Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at Allergy & Asthma Associates of Murray Hill in New York City.