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The Hadley Rille is a 1.5 km wide and over 300 m deep sinuous rille. It is thought to be a giant conduit that carried lava from an eruptive vent far to the south. Topographic information obtained from the Apollo 15 photographs supports this possibility; however, many puzzles about the rille remain. [3]
The weather varies from 20 °C (68 °F) in summer to −7 °C (19 °F) in winter and the snow base is about 1.5 to 1.8 metres (60–70 in).The average snowfall is around 1.5 m. The duration of the ski season is from November to April. The ski areas span over 3000 ft of vertical drop (920m) and nearly 7.5 miles (12 km) of ski runs.
The tongue continues to lengthen and inflate with more lava, forming a lobe, until the pressure of the magma becomes sufficient to rupture the skin and start the formation of a new eruption point nearer the vent. This process produces a series of interconnecting lobate shapes that are pillow-like in cross-section. [8]
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project, while drilling several 5,000 m holes in an attempt to harness the heat in the volcanic bedrock below the surface of Iceland, struck a pocket of magma at 2,100 m in 2009. Because this was only the third time in recorded history that magma had been reached, IDDP decided to invest in the hole, naming it IDDP-1.
Large volumes of basaltic lava covered a large expanse of Siberia in a flood basalt event. Today, the area is covered by about 7 million km 2 (3 million sq mi) of basaltic rock, with a volume of around 4 million km 3 (1 million cu mi).
The 2014 Holuhraun lava flow is a deep shade of purple, the 1797 Holuhraun lava flow is shaded slightly lighter, while other older Bárðarbunga associated lava flows are light purple. Shading also shows: calderas, other central volcanoes, fissure swarms, subglacial terrain above 1,100 m (3,600 ft) and seismically active areas between 1995 to 2007.