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  2. Transfer-matrix method (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method...

    The reflection of light from a single interface between two media is described by the Fresnel equations. However, when there are multiple interfaces , such as in the figure, the reflections themselves are also partially transmitted and then partially reflected.

  3. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    We call the fraction of the incident power that is reflected from the interface the reflectance (or reflectivity, or power reflection coefficient) R, and the fraction that is refracted into the second medium is called the transmittance (or transmissivity, or power transmission coefficient) T.

  4. Magneto-optic Kerr effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect

    The magneto-optic Kerr effect manifests when light is reflected from a magnetized surface and may change both polarization and reflected intensity. The magneto-optic Kerr effect is similar to the Faraday effect, which describes changes to light transmission through a magnetic material. In contrast, the magneto-optic Kerr effect describes ...

  5. Lambertian reflectance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambertian_reflectance

    Diagram of Lambertian diffuse reflection. The black arrow shows incident radiance, and the red arrows show the reflected radiant intensity in each direction. When viewed from various angles, the reflected radiant intensity and the apparent area of the surface both vary with the cosine of the viewing angle, so the reflected radiance (intensity per unit area) is the same from all viewing angles.

  6. Reflections of signals on conducting lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflections_of_signals_on...

    A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...

  7. Haze (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze_(optics)

    Reflection Haze is an optical phenomenon usually associated with high gloss surfaces, it is a common surface problem that can affect appearance quality. The reflection from an ideal high gloss surface should be clear and radiant, however, due to scattering at imperfections in the surface caused by microscopic structures or textures (≈ 0.01 mm wavelength) the reflection can appear milky or ...

  8. Reflection phase change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_phase_change

    Light waves change phase by 180° when they reflect from the surface of a medium with higher refractive index than that of the medium in which they are travelling. [1] A light wave travelling in air that is reflected by a glass barrier will undergo a 180° phase change, while light travelling in glass will not undergo a phase change if it is reflected by a boundary with air.

  9. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    The ratio of reflected intensity to incident intensity is the X-ray reflectivity for the surface. If the interface is not perfectly sharp and smooth, the reflected intensity will deviate from that predicted by the Fresnel reflectivity law; the deviations can be analyzed to obtain the density profile of the interface normal to the surface.