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In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single ...
For the cylinder bores of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy blocks, PTWA's main advantages over cast iron liners are reduced weight and cost. The thinner bore surface also allows for more compact bore spacing, and can potentially provide better heat transfer. Automotive engines that use PTWA include Nissan VR38DETT, [3] and Ford Coyote.
In engines with spray-guided direct injection, the distance between spark plug and injection nozzle is relatively low. Both the injection nozzle and spark plug are located in between the cylinder's valves. The fuel is injected during the latter stages of the compression stroke, causing very quick (and inhomogeneous) mixture formation.
Siamesed cylinders are engine cylinders arranged in such a way that they have no channels between them to allow water or other coolant to circulate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cylinders are generally arranged in this manner when the engine block is of limited size or when stability of the cylinder bores is of concern, such as in racing engines. [ 3 ]
The first Y-block on Ford automobiles and F100 trucks was the 239 cu in (3,910 cc) version as released in 1954 with EBU casting numbers. The Y-block was the same displacement as the old Ford Flathead V8 that it replaced but with a bigger bore and a shorter stroke (3.5 x 3.1 in).
Aside from the increased bore size, the engine is identical to the B21. Volvo used a slightly different mold for the turbo engines to cast a boss for the turbo oil return line. Because a turbocharged engine has a higher operating temperature they used sodium filled exhaust valves and a thermostat controlled oil cooler (air/oil model).
Alusil as a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy (EN AC-AlSi17Cu4Mg / EN AC-48100 or A390) contains approximately 78% aluminium and 17% silicon. [1] [2] This alloy was theoretically conceived in 1927 by Schweizer & Fehrenbach, [3] of Badener Metall-Waren-Fabrik, [4] but practically created only by Lancia [5] in the same year, for its car engines.
[5] [7]: 18 Early American locomotives had bar frames, made from steel bar; in the 20th century they usually had cast steel frames or, in the final decades of steam locomotive design, a cast steel locomotive bed – a one-piece steel casting for the entire locomotive frame, cylinders, valve chests, steam pipes, and smokebox saddle, all as a ...