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A concretion is a hard and compact mass formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. [1] Concretions are often ovoid or spherical in shape, although irregular shapes also occur.
Some examples of minerals in iron-rich rocks containing oxides are limonite, hematite, and magnetite. An example of a mineral in iron-rich rock containing carbonates is siderite and an example of minerals in an iron-rich rock containing silicate is chamosite. [2] They are often interbedded with limestones, shales, and fine-grained sandstones.
A concretion is a volume of sedimentary rock in which a mineral cement fills the porosity (i.e. the spaces between the sediment grains). The image shows a Sandstone Concretion in the wall at the beach of Año Nuevo State Reserve. This concretion was too high in the wall to place a ruler, but I estimate it to be about 400 mm long.
The surface of these spherical concretions can range from being very rough to quite smooth. Some of the concretions are grooved spheres with ridges around their circumference. [5] [6] The abundant concretions found in the Navajo Sandstone consist of sandstone cemented together by hematite (Fe 2 O 3), and goethite (FeOOH).
As a primary mineral marcasite forms nodules, concretions, and crystals in a variety of sedimentary rock, such as in the chalk layers found on both sides of the English Channel at Dover, Kent, England, and at Cap Blanc-Nez, Pas de Calais, France, where it forms as sharp individual crystals and crystal groups, and nodules (similar to those shown ...
We know that the shoreline was transgressing (advancing onto land) because finer grade material was deposited on top of coarser-grained sediment. [34] Today, the Tonto Group makes up the Tonto Platform seen above and following the Colorado River; the Tapeats Sandstone and Muav Limestone form the platform's cliffs and the Bright Angel Shale ...
These concretions occur in the black shale in the lower part of the Kettle Point Formation. Because the concretions are so much harder than the enclosing weakly indurated shale, they readily weather out of the shale along the shoreline and are incorporated into the rubble mantling the lake bottom adjacent to the outcrop.
An enterolith is a mineral concretion or calculus formed anywhere in the gastrointestinal system. Enteroliths are uncommon and usually incidental findings but, once found, they require at a minimum watchful waiting. If there is evidence of complications, they must be removed.