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These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism. [ 1 ] According to a reference, there are three common patterns associated with social role theory that might help explain the relationship between the theory and occupational sexism.
The ruling established that gender stereotyping is actionable as sex discrimination. Furthermore, it established the mixed-motive framework that enables employees to prove discrimination when other, lawful reasons for the adverse employment action exist alongside discriminatory motivations or reasons. [1]
Gender stereotypes arise from the socially approved roles of women and men in the private or public sphere, at home or in the workplace. In the household, women are typically seen as mother figures, which usually places them into a typical classification of being "supportive" or "nurturing".
Mandatory gender-based dress codes in the workplace have been referred to as a "Title VII blind spot" by Jessica Robinson, writing for the Nebraska Law Review. [3] In Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989), the US Supreme Court ruled that "sex-role stereotyping" may constitute sex discrimination in a mixed motivation Title XII case.
The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between men and women (such as education, hours worked and occupation), innate behavioral and biological differences between men and women and discrimination in the labor market (such as gender stereotypes and customer and employer bias).
The stereotype fit hypothesis was developed by Heilman [7] in order to evaluate the current role of women in high-power positions in the workplace. [2] Since Heilman's initial research, many studies have been conducted to determine how women are affected by job positions which are considered to be more masculine.
The feminization in the workplace destabilized occupational segregation in society. [1]"Throughout the 1990s the cultural turn in geography, entwined with the post-structuralist concept of difference, led to the discarding of the notion of a coherent, bounded, autonomous and independent identity... that was capable of self-determination and progress, in favor of a socially constructed category ...
Work cultures may be created to appear to be neutral and unbiased, but they are not. [11] Faye Crosby argues that second-generation gender bias goes unnoticed in the workplace, not only by men but also by women. [11] Many women experience second-generation gender bias in the workplace, but fail to notice that such discrimination is happening. [11]