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Internal leaks are when the fluids enter another circuit and may result in changes to the coolant or oil. The former may be the presence of foam (caused by hydrocarbons) in the coolant expansion tank. Coolant leaking into the oil system may result in a mayonnaise- or milkshake-like substance in the oil, often to be seen on the dipstick, or oil ...
Some engines have an oil cooler, a separate small radiator to cool the engine oil. Cars with an automatic transmission often have extra connections to the radiator, allowing the transmission fluid to transfer its heat to the coolant in the radiator. These may be either oil-air radiators, as for a smaller version of the main radiator.
Proper engine coolant and a pressurized coolant system obviate these shortcomings of water. With proper antifreeze, a wide temperature range can be tolerated by the engine coolant, such as −34 °F (−37 °C) to +265 °F (129 °C) for 50% (by volume) propylene glycol diluted with distilled water and a 15 psi pressurized coolant system.
A coolant is a substance, typically liquid, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator.
With its small 6-US-quart (5.7 L) capacity and tiny two-tube 1-square-foot (0.1 m 2) radiator, the Vega cooling system was adequate when topped off, [61] but owners tended not to check the coolant level often enough, and in combination with leaking valve-stem seals, the engine often ran low on oil and coolant simultaneously. Consequent ...
An engine that circulates its cooling water only by thermosiphon is susceptible to overheating during prolonged periods of idling or very slow travel since the lack of forward motion provides too little airflow past the radiator, unless one or more fans are able to move enough air by themselves.
The power steering reservoir was relocated from the front of the engine and onto the radiator shroud. A quieter, improved variable-speed radiator fan replaced the outgoing two-speed unit. Furthermore, the engine oil fill cap was moved to the passenger side valve cover. Lastly, an accessory belt shield was now mounted to the front of the engine ...
Aerated oil protects engine components far less effectively. A dry-sump system minimizes oil aeration, and also de-aerates oil far more effectively by pumping it first into a remote reservoir. Increased engine power. In a wet-sump engine, oil slosh against spinning parts causes substantial viscous drag which creates parasitic power loss.