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The Mesopotamian campaign or Mesopotamian front [9] (Turkish: Irak Cephesi) was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, troops from Britain, Australia and the vast majority from British Raj, against the Central Powers, mostly the Ottoman Empire.
The main Ottoman position was at a place the British called Sahil. The Ottomans had 4,500 soldiers dug in near some palm groves and an old mud walled fort. On November 19, the British advanced with two brigades of British and Indian infantry, some artillery and cavalry. Their advance was hampered by a rain storm, which made movement difficult.
The British had captured Basra Vilayet near the start of the war in 1914, and had now taken the provincial capital of Baghdad Vilayet. Although good news for the British forces, this caused a great deal of bureaucratic fighting between the British government in London and the British government in India over how to manage the region.
The Battle of Nasiriyah was a battle in World War I that took place in the Mesopotamian city of Nasiriyah between British and Ottoman forces in July 1915. It was a pivotal battle in the Mesopotamian campaign of World War I and saw 5,000 British and Indian troops face off against a Turkish garrison of a similar number.
The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914–1918. New York: Dial Press. OCLC 2118235. Moberly, Frederick (2011). The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914–1918: History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. 1. Uckfield (East Sussex (Grande-Bretagne)): The Naval & Military Press. ISBN 9781845749422. Townshend, Charles (2011).
The Battle of Ctesiphon – Downloaded from The Long, Long Trail: The Story of the British Army in the Great War of 1914–1918. Retrieved August 16, 2005. Bruce, A. (n.d.). 22–25 November 1915 – The Battle of Ctesiphon. [Electronic Version] An Illustrated Companion to the First World War.
The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914–1918. New York: Dial Press. Candler, Edmund (1919). The Long Road To Baghdad. Cassell and Company. Cato, Conrad (1917). The Navy in Mesopotamia 1914 to 1917. Constable and Company. Dane, Edmund (1919). British Campaigns In The Nearer East, 1914–1918. Hodder and Stoughton. Davis, Paul K. (1994).
Travel between Basra and Shaiba was difficult because seasonal floods had turned the area into a lake, and movement went via boat. The British garrison at Shaiba consisted of about 7,000 men in a fortified camp including a trench and barbed wire. At 5 AM on the 12th, the Ottoman troops started with a bombardment.