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Access to finance is the ability of individuals or enterprises to obtain financial services, including credit, deposit, payment, insurance, and other risk management services. [1] Those who involuntarily have no or only limited access to financial services are referred to as the unbanked or underbanked , respectively.
Financial inclusion is the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. [1] It refers to processes by which individuals and businesses can access appropriate, affordable, and timely financial products and services—which include banking, loan, equity, and insurance products.
Microfinance consists of financial services targeting individuals and small businesses (SMEs) who lack access to conventional banking and related services. Microfinance includes microcredit , the provision of small loans to poor clients; savings and checking accounts ; microinsurance ; and payment systems , among other services.
The Ghana banking crisis was a severe banking crisis that affected Ghana between August 2017 and January 2020. The Bank of Ghana (BoG) allowed several indigenous banks to be taken over by private companies between August 2017 and January 2019 after Nana Akufo-Addo was elected president in December 2016.
According to the UNFCCC report of 2021, Ghana's climate finance recorded an average of 830 million USD between 2019 and 2020. The major financial support came from the public organizations. Institutions supporting climate finance in Ghana include the African Development Bank, the European Union, and the United States of America. [2]
Ghana became the largest gold-producing country in Africa after overtaking South Africa in 2019. [28] The country is also the second-largest cocoa producer (after Ivory Coast). [29] Ghana is rich in diamonds, manganese or manganese ore, bauxite, and oil. Most of its debt was cancelled in 2005, but government spending was later allowed to balloon.
When access to credit is combined with savings facilities, non-productive loan facilities, insurance, enterprise development (production-oriented and management training, marketing support) and welfare-related services (literacy and health services, gender and social awareness training), the adverse effects discussed above can be diminished. [41]
The voice bemoaned why Ghana's' resources are benefited also by regions that have little or no resources. [13] "You have all the resources, but you have no say in the management of your resources, and that is what is happening. Your development depends on the one who has no resources" the voice said.