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Opiate overdose symptoms and signs can be referred to as the "opioid toxidrome triad": decreased level of consciousness, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression. Other signs and symptoms include seizures and muscle spasms. Sometimes, an opiate overdose can lead to such a decreased level of consciousness that the person will not wake up.
A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result. [ 2 ]
The age-adjusted drug poisoning death rate involving heroin doubled from 0.7 to 1.4 deaths per 100,000 people between 1999 and 2011 and then continued to increase to 4.1 in 2015. [197] The third wave of overdose deaths began in 2013, related to synthetic opioids, particularly illicitly produced fentanyl. [195]
Contact high is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise sober people who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a psychoactive drug. In a similar way to the placebo effect, a contact high may be caused by classical conditioning as well as by the physical and social setting. [8] [9]
Prescription drug overuse or non-medical prescription drug use is the use of prescription medications that is more than the prescribed amount, regardless of whether the original medical reason to take the drug is legitimate. [1] [2] A prescription drug is a drug substance prescribed by a doctor and intended to for individual use only. [3]
It is often the consequence of a drug overdose. Common symptoms include dizziness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting and oscillopsia. It may indicate a medical emergency requiring treatment at a poison control center. Aside from poisoning, a systemic infection may also lead to one.
The highest rates of illicit drug use disorder were among those aged 18 to 25 years old, at roughly 7%. [75] [73] There were over 72,000 deaths from drug overdose in the United States in 2017, [76] which is a threefold increase from 2002. [76]
Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death .