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The Force Concept Inventory is a test measuring mastery of concepts commonly taught in a first semester of physics developed by Hestenes, Halloun, Wells, and Swackhamer (1985). It was the first such " concept inventory " and several others have been developed since for a variety of topics.
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
There are various types of potential energy, each associated with a particular type of force. For example, the work of an elastic force is called elastic potential energy; work of the gravitational force is called gravitational potential energy; work of the Coulomb force is called electric potential energy; work of the nuclear force acting on the baryon charge is called nuclear potential ...
Scheme for the determination of Izod impact strength test results. Impact, by definition, is a large force applied for a very short time, resulting in a sudden transfer of momentum and energy, and its effect is different when the same amount of energy is transferred more gradually. Everyday engineering structures are subjected to it and may ...
A fictitious force, also known as an inertial force or pseudo-force, is a force that appears to act on an object when its motion is described or experienced from a non-inertial frame of reference. Unlike real forces, which result from physical interactions between objects, fictitious forces occur due to the acceleration of the observer’s ...
Energy is a scalar quantity, and the mechanical energy of a system is the sum of the potential energy (which is measured by the position of the parts of the system) and the kinetic energy (which is also called the energy of motion): [1] [2] = +
A diagram of Central forces. In classical mechanics, a central force on an object is a force that is directed towards or away from a point called center of force. [a] [1]: 93 = | | ^ where F is a force vector, F is a scalar valued force function, r is the position vector, ||r|| is its length, and ^ = / ‖ ‖ is the corresponding unit vector.