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A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart and has been identified as the prototype of charts. [1]
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems: [3]
The X-bar chart is always used in conjunction with a variation chart such as the ¯ and R chart or ¯ and s chart. The R-chart shows sample ranges (difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample), while the s-chart shows the samples' standard deviation. The R-chart was preferred in times when calculations were performed ...
A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the sales persons. Part-to-whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market.
Let be a metric space with distance function .Let be a set of indices and let () be a tuple (indexed collection) of nonempty subsets (the sites) in the space .The Voronoi cell, or Voronoi region, , associated with the site is the set of all points in whose distance to is not greater than their distance to the other sites , where is any index different from .
Each bar can also have a comment, such as "comment7=xx" to show "(xx)" after the number in bar 7. For a 2-column bar chart, the 2nd column items have prefix "col2_" such as scale maximum, col2_data_max=110, and col2_data3=67 with col2_comment3=zz. See below: "Example with two data columns". Each bar chart can be formatted typically within 1/5 ...
He created bar charts in which the width of each bar represents the length of the corresponding railroad segment, and its height the number of passengers. Analysis of such graphs led Minard to conclude that passengers and freight traveling for short distances between intermediate stations (and not just end-to-end traffic) were of primary ...
Very complex graph: the psychrometric chart, relating temperature, pressure, humidity, and other quantities. Non-rectangular coordinates: the above all use two-dimensional rectangular coordinates ; an example of a graph using polar coordinates , sometimes in three dimensions, is the antenna radiation pattern chart, which represents the power ...