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Visual perception in animals plays an important role in the animal kingdom, most importantly for the identification of food sources and avoidance of predators. For this reason, blindness in animals is a unique topic of study. In general, nocturnal or subterranean animals have less interest in the visual world, and depend on other sensory ...
Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10%-20% of the blindness in the United States. [ 36 ] For non-infectious uveitis, women are more likely (57%) to be affected than men, possibly due to their higher prevalence of related autoimmune diseases . [ 37 ]
That is, uveitis refers to a complex category of ocular diseases that can cause blindness if either left untreated or improperly diagnosed. [72] The current challenge of accurately diagnosing uveitis is that often the cause of a specific ocular inflammation is either unknown or multi-layered. [71]
The part of the retina covered by light-sensitive cells is therefore termed the pars-optica retinae, and the blind part of the eye is termed the pars-ceaca retinae. The optic disk of the eye, however, does not contain any of these light-sensitive cells, as it is where the optic nerve leaves to the brain, so is a blind spot within the eye. [3]
"Moon blindness" on an Icelandic horse Advanced stage of disease Advanced stage of disease ERU on an Icelandic horse. Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) – also known as moon blindness, recurrent iridocyclitis, or periodic ophthalmia [1] – is an acute, nongranulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, occurring commonly in horses of all breeds, worldwide.
The disease may progress to severe inflammation of the uveal layer of the eye (uveitis) with pain and sensitivity of the eyes to light. The affected eye often remains relatively painless while the inflammatory disease spreads through the uvea , where characteristic focal infiltrates in the choroid named Dalén–Fuchs nodules can be seen.
KCS is a chronic degenerative conjunctivitis that can lead to impaired vision and blindness. [2] KCS has a wide array of causes including drug toxicity, cherry eye, previous surgery, trauma, and irradiation. [2] KCS can be treated, but treatment often spans the entirety of the animal's life. [2]
If there is an underlying cause, treatment should be given based on the disease. Non specific treatment measures include cycloplegics , corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs . [ 2 ] The biologic drugs that are currently used in treatment of panuveitis include anti tumor necrosis factor , cytokine receptor antibodies and interferon-α .