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  2. Stars and bars (combinatorics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_and_bars_(combinatorics)

    For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of non-negative integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of multisets of size k − 1 taken from a set of size n + 1, or equivalently, the number of multisets of size n taken from a set of size k, and is given by

  3. Ball (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(mathematics)

    A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the area bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the volume bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a ...

  4. 100 prisoners problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_prisoners_problem

    Prisoners 5 to 7 will also each find their numbers in a similar fashion. In this case, all prisoners find their numbers. This is, however, not always the case. For example, the small change to the numbers of swapping drawers 5 and 8 would cause prisoner 1 to fail after opening 1, 7, 5, and 2 (and not finding their own number):

  5. Mathematical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation

    [2] In order to have more symbols, and for allowing related mathematical objects to be represented by related symbols, diacritics , subscripts and superscripts are often used. For example, f 1 ′ ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {f'_{1}}}} may denote the Fourier transform of the derivative of a function called f 1 . {\displaystyle f_{1}.}

  6. Volume of an n-ball - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_of_an_n-ball

    A proof of the recursion formula relating the volume of the n-ball and an (n − 2)-ball can be given using the proportionality formula above and integration in cylindrical coordinates. Fix a plane through the center of the ball. Let r denote the distance between a point in the plane and the center of the sphere, and let θ denote the azimuth.

  7. Balls into bins problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balls_into_bins_problem

    A powerful balls-into-bins paradigm is the "power of two random choices [2]" where each ball chooses two (or more) random bins and is placed in the lesser-loaded bin. This paradigm has found wide practical applications in shared-memory emulations, efficient hashing schemes, randomized load balancing of tasks on servers, and routing of packets ...

  8. Singapore math - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_math

    [2] [3] In the concrete step, students engage in hands-on learning experiences using physical objects which can be everyday items such as paper clips, toy blocks or math manipulates such as counting bears, link cubes and fraction discs. [5] This is followed by drawing pictorial representations of mathematical concepts.

  9. Distribution (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(mathematics)

    5.2.3 Multiplication of distributions by smooth functions. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... For each , let ′ and ...