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Roman counting was inclusive; November 9 was ante diem V Idūs Novembrīs, "the 5th day before the Ides of November," usually abbreviated a.d. V Id. Nov. (or with the a.d. omitted altogether); November 23 was IX Kal. Dec., "the 9th day before the Kalends of December," on the Julian calendar, or VIII Kal. Dec. on the pre-Julian calendar.
The day after a kalends, nones, or ides was also often expressed as the "day after" (postridie) owing to their special status as particularly unlucky "black days". The anomalous status of the new 31-day months under the Julian calendar was an effect of Caesar's desire to avoid affecting the festivals tied to the nones and ides of various months ...
T.P. Wiseman, "The Kalends of April," in Idem, Unwritten Rome. Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2008. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Calends". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
1 (Kalends): Dies natalis for the Temple of Juno Sospita, Mother and Queen; sacra at the Grove of Alernus, near the Tiber at the foot of the Palatine Hill; 5: Dies natalis for the Temple of Concordia on the Capitoline Hill; 13 (Ides): minor festival of Faunus on the Tiber Island; 13–22: Parentalia, a commemoration of ancestors and the dead ...
2 November: The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed – ranked with solemnities; 3 November: Saint Martin de Porres, Religious – optional memorial; 4 November: Saint Charles Borromeo, Bishop – memorial; 9 November: The Dedication of the Lateran Basilica – feast; 10 November: Saint Leo the Great, Pope and Doctor of the Church ...
Ides (calendar), a day in the Roman calendar that fell roughly in the middle of the month. In March, May, July, and October it was the 15th day of the month; in other months it was the 13th In March, May, July, and October it was the 15th day of the month; in other months it was the 13th
Instead, they counted back from the three fixed points of the month: the Nones (5th or 7th), the Ides (13th or 15th), and the Kalends (1st) of the following month. The Nones of December was the 5th, and the Ides the 13th. The last day of December was the pridie Kalendas Ianuarias, [1] "day before the Januarian Kalends".
The Romans did not number days of a month sequentially from the 1st through the last day. Instead, they counted back from the three fixed points of the month: the Nones (5th or 7th, depending on the length of the month), the Ides (13th or 15th), and the Kalends (1st) of the following month. The Nones of August was the 5th, and the Ides the 13th.