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In some cases, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties occur in a single molecule. An example of these amphiphilic molecules is the lipids that comprise the cell membrane. Another example is soap, which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, allowing it to dissolve in both water and oil. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are ...
The hydrophilic end usually contains a negatively charged phosphate group, and the hydrophobic end usually consists of two "tails" that are long fatty acid residues. [ 4 ] In aqueous solutions, phospholipids are driven by hydrophobic interactions , which result in the fatty acid tails aggregating to minimize interactions with the water molecules.
Signaling molecules binding surface receptors are generally large and hydrophilic (e.g. TRH, Vasopressin, Acetylcholine), while those entering the cell are generally small and hydrophobic (e.g. glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, cholecalciferol, retinoic acid), but important exceptions to both are numerous, and the same molecule can act both ...
The model proposed by Roberto Germano and his collaborators, who have first observed the effect [1] [2] [3] is based on the known concept of the exclusion zone.The first observations of a different behaviour of water molecules close to the walls of its container date back to late ‘60s and early ‘70s, when Drost-Hansen, upon reviewing many experimental articles, came to the conclusion that ...
[citation needed] One is the change of the surface structure to a metastable structure, and another is cleaning the surface by the photodecomposition of dirt such as organic compounds adsorbed on the surface, after either of which water molecules can adsorb to the surface. The mechanism is still controversial, and it is too soon to decide which ...
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This property can be utilized to load liposomes with hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic molecules, a process known as encapsulation. [18] Typically, liposomes are prepared in a solution containing the compound to be trapped, which can either be an aqueous solution for encapsulating hydrophilic compounds like proteins, [ 19 ] [ 20 ] or solutions in ...
Hydrophilization is a process used on hydrophobic drugs to increase their release rate from capsules, which depends on the rate of dissolution, by covering the surfaces of their particles with minute droplets of a dissolved hydrophilic polymer (such as methyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose).