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  2. Electromigration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromigration

    Any wire that has a length below this limit will have a stretched limit for electromigration. Here, a mechanical stress buildup causes an atom back flow process which reduces or even compensates the effective material flow towards the anode. The Blech length must be considered when designing test structures to evaluate electromigration.

  3. Black's equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black's_equation

    Black's Equation is a mathematical model for the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement (movement) in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field.

  4. Feedback-controlled electromigration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback-controlled...

    Feedback-controlled electromigration (FCE) is an experimental technique to investigate the phenomenon known as electromigration. By controlling the voltage applied as the conductance varies it is possible to keep the voltage at a critical level for electromigration .

  5. Electrochemical migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_migration

    Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the dissolution and movement of metal ions in presence of electric potential, which results in the growth of dendritic structures between anode and cathode.

  6. N50, L50, and related statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N50,_L50,_and_related...

    This example illustrates that one can sometimes increase the N50 length simply by removing some of the shortest contigs or scaffolds from an assembly. If the estimated or known size of the genome from the fictional species A is 500 kbp then the NG50 contig length is 30 kbp because 80 + 70 + 50 + 40 + 30 is greater than 50% of 500. In contrast ...

  7. Biology (journal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_(journal)

    Biology is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal covering research on all aspects of biology. It was established in 2012 and is published by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is Chris O'Callaghan (University of Oxford). The journal publishes reviews, research papers, and communications.

  8. Variable pathlength cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_pathlength_cell

    The cuvette is filled with sample, light is passed through the sample and intensity readings are taken. The slope spectroscopy technique can be applied using the same methods as in absorption spectroscopy. With the advent of accurate linear stages, variable pathlength absorption spectroscopy is easily applied experimentally.

  9. Length constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_constant

    This means that the length constant is the distance at which 63% of V max has been reached during the rise of voltage. Setting for x = λ for the fall of voltage sets V(x) equal to .37 V max, meaning that the length constant is the distance at which 37% of V max has been reached during the fall of voltage.