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Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. [ 1 ] In neurodegenerative diseases , cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration .
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical structures, resulting in gross atrophy of the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. [14]
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Prominent scalp veins are noticeable (made more obvious by alopecia), as well as prominent eyes. Musculoskeletal degeneration causes loss of body fat and muscle, stiff joints, hip dislocations, and other symptoms generally absent in the non-elderly population. Individuals usually retain typical mental and motor function. [citation needed]
When referring to a disease, encephalopathy refers to a wide variety of brain disorders with very different etiologies, prognoses and implications. For example, prion diseases, all of which cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , are invariably fatal, but other encephalopathies are reversible and can have a number of causes including ...
Tangier disease; TAR syndrome; Tardive dyskinesia; Tarsal tunnel syndrome; Taste disorder; Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome; TAU syndrome; Taurodontia absent teeth sparse hair; Taurodontism; Tay syndrome ichthyosis; Taybi–Linder syndrome; Taybi syndrome; Tay–Sachs disease; T-cell lymphoma
A neuromuscular disease is any disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS), [a] the neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles, all of which are components of the motor unit. [4] Damage to any of these structures can cause muscle atrophy and weakness. Issues with sensation can also occur. Neuromuscular diseases can be acquired or ...