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Alternative donor site: An alternative 5' splice junction (donor site) is used, changing the 3' boundary of the upstream exon. Alternative acceptor site: An alternative 3' splice junction (acceptor site) is used, changing the 5' boundary of the downstream exon. Intron retention: A sequence may be spliced out as an intron or simply retained.
These include the 5' end splice site, the branch point sequence, the polypyrimidine tract, and the 3' end splice site. The spliceosome catalyzes the removal of introns, and the ligation of the flanking exons. [citation needed] Introns typically have a GU nucleotide sequence at the 5' end splice site, and an AG at the 3' end splice site.
This phenomenon is then called alternative splicing. Alternative splicing can occur in many ways. Exons can be extended or skipped, or introns can be retained. It is estimated that 95% of transcripts from multiexon genes undergo alternative splicing, some instances of which occur in a tissue-specific manner and/or under specific cellular ...
Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells.
The spliceosome, [5] a protein-RNA complex located in the nucleus, catalyzes splicing in the following manner: The spliceosome recognizes an intron, which is flanked by specific sequences at its 5' and 3' ends, known as a donor splice site (or 5' splice site) and an acceptor splice site (or 3' splice site), respectively.
U11 snRNA has a stem-loop structure with a 5' end as splice site sequence (5' ss) [2] and contains four stem loops structures (I-IV). A structural comparison of U11 snRNA between plants, vertebrates and insects shows that it is folded into a structure with a four-way junction at the 5' site and in a stem loop structure at the 3' site.
The pre-mRNA processing at the 3' end of the RNA molecule involves cleavage of its 3' end and then the addition of about 250 adenine residues to form a poly(A) tail.The cleavage and adenylation reactions occur primarily if a polyadenylation signal sequence (5'- AAUAAA-3') is located near the 3' end of the pre-mRNA molecule, which is followed by another sequence, which is usually (5'-CA-3') and ...
Alternative splicing and the use of alternative start codons results in multiple isoforms that are differentially localized to either the mitochondria or the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013].