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The fundamental structure of a cerebroside is ceramide. Monoglycosyl and oligoglycosylceramides having a mono or polysaccharide bonded glycosidically to the terminal OH group of ceramide are defined as cerebrosides. Sphingosine is the main long-chain base present in ceramide. Galactosylceramide is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue.
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond. Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer. [1]
Its structure can be condensed to NANA-Gal-Glc-ceramide. GM3 is the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipid in tissues, composed of three monosaccharide groups attached to a ceramide backbone. [2] GM3 serves as a precursor for other, more complex gangliosides. Like other gangliosides, GM3 is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus.
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides.
Structure of ceramide, galactosylceramide and glucosylceramide. Galactose or glucose sugars can be attached to a hydroxyl group of ceramide lipids in a different form of O-glycosylation, as it does not occur on proteins. [6] This forms glycosphingolipids, which are important for the localisation of receptors in membranes. [8]
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A 2022 KFF Women's Health Survey found that 42% of uninsured women had received a cervical cancer screening in the past year, compared to 64% with private insurance and 56% of those with Medicaid.
Life Extension shares 21 science-backed tips to help you establish a wellness-focused lifestyle and keep you in top-notch health as the years bring experience, wisdom, and other distinguishing traits.