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An above-center hit on the cue ball is more precisely referred to as "follow" ("top" in the UK), while a below-center hit is "draw", "bottom", or "back-spin". Any time the cue ball is not struck directly in the center of the vertical axis, some sidespin will be imparted either left or right on the cue ball.
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool.
Winning hazards: potting the red ball (3 points); potting the other cue ball (2 points). Losing hazards (or "in-offs"): potting one's cue ball by cannoning off another ball (3 points if the red ball was hit first; 2 points if the other cue ball was hit first, or if the red and other cue ball were "split", i.e., hit simultaneously).
Losing hazard (in-off in snooker terms) – striking one's cue ball so that it hits another ball and then enters a pocket: 3 points if the red ball was hit first; 2 points if the other cue ball was hit first; 2 points if the red and the other cue ball are hit simultaneously. Combinations of the above may all be scored on the same shot.
Internationally standardized pool balls come in sets of 16, including two suits or groups of numbered object balls, seven solids (1–7) and seven stripes (9–15), a black 8 ball and a white cue ball. Standard pool balls are 2.25 inches (57 mm) in diameter and are 6 ounces (170 g) in weight.
A diamond-shaped wooden nine-ball rack, racker's view: 1 ball in front, 9 ball centered.. In nine-ball, the basic principles are the same as detailed in the eight-ball section above, but only balls 1 through 9 are used; the 1 ball is always placed at the rack's apex (because in nine-ball every legal shot, including the break, must strike the lowest numbered ball first) over the table's foot ...