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Variation of seismicity with depth across the Sunda Trench subduction zone, low-angle part is the Sunda megathrust – 2007 Bengkulu earthquakes mainshock shown by star. The Sunda megathrust is a fault that extends approximately 5,500 km (3300 mi) from Myanmar (Burma) in the north, running along the southwestern side of Sumatra, to the south of Java and Bali before terminating near Australia. [1]
Plate tectonic setting of Sunda megathrust USGS map showing rupture area of the 1833 quake. The 1833 Sumatra earthquake occurred on November 25 at about 22:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude in the range of 8.8–9.2 M w . It caused a large tsunami that flooded the southwestern coast of the island. There are no reliable records of the ...
The convergence between the Indo-Australian plate and the Sunda plate is not perpendicular to the plate boundary in this region. Instead, the two plates move at an oblique angle. Most of the convergent strain is accommodated by thrust motion at the plate boundary "megathrust" fault that defines the Sunda Trench.
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The west coast of Sumatra is dominated by the Sunda megathrust; a 5,000 km long convergent boundary where the Australian plate subducts beneath the Burma plate and Sunda plate at a rate of 60 mm/yr. [3] Convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, severely deforming the overriding Sunda plate, where it is accommodated by the strike-slip motion along the Great Sumatran fault.
UTC time: 2010-10-25 14:42:22: ISC event: 15264887: USGS-ANSSComCat: Local date: 25 October 2010 (): Local time: 21:42:22: Magnitude: 7.8 M w: Depth: 12.8 miles (20.6 km) Epicenter: 1] [2]: Fault: Sunda megathrust: Type: Thrust fault: Areas affected: Indonesia: Max. intensity: MMI V (Moderate) [1]: Casualties: 408 dead + 303 missing [3]: The 2010 Mentawai earthquake occurred with a moment ...
The largest recorded megathrust earthquake was the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, estimated between magnitudes 9.4–9.6, centered off the coast of Chile along the Peru-Chile Trench, where the Nazca plate subducts under the South American plate. [26] This megathrust region has regularly generated extremely large earthquakes.
The Sunda Strait segment has the potential to trigger a large earthquake with a magnitude of 8.7 or higher. Prolonged inactivity in this section and the lack of historical record that might indicate any major subduction-type earthquakes signals the potential of a megathrust event in the Sunda Strait that can affect southern West Java and Sumatra.