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A bond graph is a graphical representation of a physical dynamic system. It allows the conversion of the system into a state-space representation . It is similar to a block diagram or signal-flow graph , with the major difference that the arcs in bond graphs represent bi-directional exchange of physical energy , while those in block diagrams ...
The Bond graph modelling approach was presented for the first time in the "Ports, Energy and Thermodynamic Systems" on April 24, 1959, at MIT, which was later published (Paynter, 1961). Paynter was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997, one of the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer.
There is a time dimension to the analysis of bond values. A 10-year bond at purchase becomes a 9-year bond a year later, and the year after it becomes an 8-year bond, etc. Each year the bond moves incrementally closer to maturity, resulting in lower volatility and shorter duration and demanding a lower interest rate when the yield curve is rising.
A hybrid bond graph is a graphical description of a physical dynamic system with discontinuities (i.e., a hybrid dynamical system). Similar to a regular bond graph, it is an energy-based technique. However, it allows instantaneous switching of the junction structure, which may violate the principle of continuity of power (Mosterman and Biswas ...
Simple-RC-Circuit-bond-graph-4.png (563 × 377 pixels, file size: 5 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
A dipole graph containing n edges is called the size-n dipole graph, and is denoted by D n. The size-n dipole graph is dual to the cycle graph C n. The honeycomb as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of the dipole graph D 3, while the diamond crystal as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of D 4.
Determination of oxidation states from a bond graph can be illustrated on ilmenite, FeTiO 3. We may ask whether the mineral contains Fe 2+ and Ti 4+, or Fe 3+ and Ti 3+. Its crystal structure has each metal atom bonded to six oxygens and each of the equivalent oxygens to two irons and two titaniums, as in the bond graph below. Experimental data ...
Diagram of a catalytic reaction, showing the energy level as a function of the reaction coordinate. For a catalyzed reaction, the activation energy is lower.. In chemistry, a reaction coordinate [1] is an abstract one-dimensional coordinate chosen to represent progress along a reaction pathway.