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Bond graphs are multi-energy domain (e.g. mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc.) and domain neutral. This means a bond graph can incorporate multiple domains seamlessly. The bond graph is composed of the "bonds" which link together "single-port", "double-port" and "multi-port" elements (see below for details).
The Bond graph modelling approach was presented for the first time in the "Ports, Energy and Thermodynamic Systems" on April 24, 1959, at MIT, which was later published (Paynter, 1961). Paynter was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997, one of the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer.
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The bond graph summarizes these connectivities. The bond orders (also called bond valences) sum up to oxidation states according to the attached sign of the bond's ionic approximation (there are no formal charges in bond graphs). Determination of oxidation states from a bond graph can be illustrated on ilmenite, FeTiO 3.
A hybrid bond graph is a graphical description of a physical dynamic system with discontinuities (i.e., a hybrid dynamical system). Similar to a regular bond graph, it is an energy-based technique. However, it allows instantaneous switching of the junction structure, which may violate the principle of continuity of power (Mosterman and Biswas ...
A dipole graph containing n edges is called the size-n dipole graph, and is denoted by D n. The size-n dipole graph is dual to the cycle graph C n. The honeycomb as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of the dipole graph D 3, while the diamond crystal as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of D 4.
Thus the bond graph separates the structure (a relationship between current and voltage that leads to a dissipation of energy) from the causality (assignment of input and output). In a more complex system, you can define the relationships between all the components without having to worry about which variables might be inputs and which outputs.
The bond energy for H 2 O is the average energy required to break each of the two O–H bonds in sequence: Although the two bonds are the equivalent in the original symmetric molecule, the bond-dissociation energy of an oxygen–hydrogen bond varies slightly depending on whether or not there is another hydrogen atom bonded to the oxygen atom.