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Polyethylene was first synthesized by the German chemist Hans von Pechmann, who prepared it by accident in 1898 while investigating diazomethane. [12] [a] [13] [b] When his colleagues Eugen Bamberger and Friedrich Tschirner characterized the white, waxy substance that he had created, they recognized that it contained long −CH 2 − chains and termed it polymethylene.
Parkesine, the first member of the Celluloid class of compounds and considered the first man-made plastic, is patented by Alexander Parkes. [4] 1869: John Wesley Hyatt discovers a method to simplify the production of celluloid, making industrial production possible. 1872: PVC is accidentally synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann ...
From the start of plastic production through to 2015, the world produced around 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste, only 9% of which has been recycled and only ~1% has been recycled more than once. [108] Of the remaining waste, 12% was incinerated and 79% was either sent to landfills or lost to the environment as pollution. [108]
Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016 [8]) exceeds that of any other organic compound. [9] [10] Much of this production goes toward creating polythene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in
Besides plastics production, plastics engineering is an important part of the industrial sector. The latter field is dominated by engineering plastic as raw material because of its better mechanical and thermal properties than the more widely used commodity plastics.
The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols. [52] Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers. [53]
With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code. In 2008, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons. [2]
Polyethylene terephthalate (or ... Polyester makes up about 18% of world polymer production and is the ... Depending on its processing and thermal history ...